Obesity

Causes :: Consequences :: BMI :: Treatment

Obesity: A Disease

Obesity is emerging as a health epidemic around the world. According to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, obesity is rapidly spreading across all regions and demographic groups. The latest figures from the NZ Health Information Service indicate that 17% of the population is considered obese. An additional 35% are considered overweight.

Obesity is an excess of total body fat, which results from caloric intake that exceeds energy usage. A measurement used to assess health risks of obesity is Body Mass Index (BMI).

Click here to find out more about Body Mass Index BMI.

The American Obesity Association reports that obese individuals have a 50-100% increased risk of death as compared to normal weight individuals, with 300,000 to 587,000 deaths each year. This substantial increase in health risks has made obesity the second leading cause of preventable death in the United States. 

Causes of Obesity

Obesity could be a combination of the following:

• The genes you inherited from your parents
• How well your body turns food into energy
• Your eating and exercising habits
• Your surroundings
• Psychological factors

Consequences of Obesity

If you are obese, severely obese, or morbidly obese, you may have:

Major health risks

• Shorter Life Expectancy
• Compared to people of normal weight, obese people have a 50% to 100% increased risk of dying prematurely
• Obese people have more risk for: - Diabetes (type 2) - Joint problems (e.g., arthritis) - High blood pressure - Heart disease - Gallbladder problems - Certain types of cancer (breast, uterine, colon) - Digestive disorders (e.g., gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GORD) - Breathing difficulties (e.g., sleep apnea, asthma) - Psychological problems such as depression - Problems with fertility and pregnancy - Urinary Incontinence

Risks to psychological and social well-being

• Negative self-image
• Social isolation
• Discrimination

Difficulties with day-to-day living

• Normal tasks become harder when you are obese, as movement is more difficult
• You tend to tire more quickly and you find yourself short of breath
• Public transport seats, telephone booths, and cars may be too small for you
• You may find it difficult to maintain personal hygiene